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miliaris could be used to give an indication of the predominant diet type of this species in the wild. 255 (2000) 261 -274 of certain fatty acids in the gonads of P. These results, therefore, suggest that the proportions / ratios *Corresponding author. miliaris fed diets lacking these fatty acids suggesting de novo biosynthesis. 20:2 and 22:2 non-methyleneinterrupted dienoic fatty acids (NMIDs) were found in P. The gonads of the sea urchins collected from the intertidal site, characterised by a mud substratum, and from the scallop lines were found to contain a lower 18:1 n 2 9 / 18:1 n 2 7 ratio and a higher proportion of branched and odd-chained fatty acids, signifying a high dietary bacterial input, than the sea urchins held in the aquaria and collected from the salmon cage. saccharina was also found to contain high proportions of stearidonic and arachidonic acid. saccharina and collected from the two intertidal sea-loch sites. Stearidonic acid 18:4 n 2 3 and arachidonic acid 20:4 n 2 6, however, were found in significantly higher proportions than DHA in the gonads of the sea urchins fed L. The salmon feed and the mussel tissue also contained a high proportion of this fatty acid. saccharina in aquaria and collected from the intertidal sea loch sites. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 22:6 n 2 3 was significantly higher in the gonads of the sea urchins fed salmon feed in aquaria and collected from the salmon cages and scallop lines than in the gonads of the sea urchins fed L.
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miliaris were significantly affected by diet type and location.
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The proportions of certain fatty acids in the gonads of P. The fatty acid compositions of known and potential dietary material was examined. miliaris collected from four field sites, including commercial scallop lines encrusted with the mussel, Mytilus edulis, sea cages stocked with Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and two intertidal sea-loch sites, characterised by either a fine mud or a macroalgal substratum. Gonadal material was also examined from P. Likewise, the ability to synthesize or bioconvert sterols de novo is generally low or absent, and varie.Ībstract The fatty acid compositions of gonadal material was examined for the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin) held in aquaria and fed either salmon feed pellets or the macroalga, Laminaria saccharina for 18 months. However, the absorption rates of micronutrients incorporated in emulsions as well as the relative ingestion of the emulsion versus algae are still to be assessed. Emulsions have been demonstrated to be a successful way to deliver essential fatty acids Ž. It is quite difficult to provide with security a good phytoplanktonic diet to spat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA, 20:5n圓 and 22:6n圓, have been Ždemonstrated to be essential for bivalves Langdon and Waldock, 1981 Helm et al. This led to the conclusion that the quality of algae is also Ž. However, after supplying the recommended quantity, large variabilities are still observed for the subsequent success of spat development. quantitative algal requirements Utting and Millican, 1995. A number of papers on invertebrate nutrition have described the Ž. Sufficient quantities of microalgae are required for feeding, which are costly for the hatchery–nursery. ble overcosts for nursery and oyster growers. However, the sterols appeared to be good markers for assessment of lipophilic artificial diet digestion and absorption. Other emulsion formulations need to be tested to improve the emulsion absorption rate in oyster spat. Nevertheless, compared to algal sterols, the absorption rate of the sterols from the emulsion was quite low and decreased with an increasing supply of emulsion. The quantities of stigmasterol and cholesterol absorbed by the spat were time-and dose-dependent. The results showed that after only 7 days of emulsion supplementation, significant differences were observed in the sterol composition. They were supplemented with 0%, 3%, 10% and 20% emulsion wet weight of the algae dry weight. The ingestion-absorption of the emulsion was estimated by measuring incorporation of these two sterols in oyster lipids during the 33-day feeding period. Abstract To determine the ingestion and absorption of lipid emulsions, spat were fed algae deficient in stigmasterol and cholesterol and an emulsion containing these two sterols.